These problems vary in their level of difficulty, need for outside referencing, and use of a computer or calculator. Many of these problems are practical with real parameters. Some of the problems, though, are intended solely to increase the competence and confidence level in a particular subject, and the parameters are simply chosen for convenience. Extra difficult or time-consuming problems are denoted as #E. Problems that may require the use of resources outside of this book such as catalogs, textbooks, or instrumentation are denoted as #S. Problems requiring the extensive use of a calculator or a computer are denoted as #C. This also includes the use of a computer to solve equations symbolically. (Although these problems have been solved, there is no solution manual or answers to select problems available.)